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"Corinth:Report:Temple E, Southeast 2015 by Sitz, Anna and Katz, Philip (2015-06-02 to 2015-06-26)","","Corinthia | Ancient Corinth | Central Area | Temple E, Temenos | Temple E, Southeast","Temple E, Southeast 2015 by Sitz, Anna and Katz, Philip (2015-06-02 to 2015-06-26)","Session III; Unit 2, Room 9; N: 1086.73, S: 1079.10, E: 132.85, W: 126.83; Unit 2, Room 6; N: 1085.00, S: 1077.00, E: 120.70, W: 116.85; ; This is the final summary of the third excavation session for 2015 in Rooms 9 and 6 of ; Unit 2 in the Frankish quarter, Temple E Southeast. Guy Sanders (director) and Larkin ; Kennedy (field director) supervised. Anna Sitz and Philip Katz (area supervisors) ; recorded. The workers were Thanassis Sakellariou (pickman), Panagiotis Rontzokos ; (shovel and barrowman), and Angeliki Stamati (sieve). Cistern excavation during the ; final week was assisted by most of the workers on site, especially Marios Vathis ; (pickman for the bottom layers). Grave 2015­13 was excavated by Elina Salminen during ; the same period.; ; Room 9 was previously excavated in Session I 2015 by Danielle Smotherman and in ; Session II by Danielle Smotherman and Timothy Brannelly; prior to that, the area had ; been excavated in 1996 (NB 888, pp. 1­46). Room 6 was previously excavated in Session ; I 2015 by Emilio Rodriguez­Alvarez and in Session II by Lucas Stephens. During the ; 2014 season, the area was excavated in Session I by Sarah Rous and Rebecca Worsham; ; prior to that, the area had been excavated in 1996 (NB 864, pp. 57­119).; Excavation in Room 9 was bounded to the North by Wall 700/166 (N 1087.11, S ; 1086.23, E 126.99, W 130.93), to the East by Wall 659 (N 1087.97, S 1079.86, E 133.18, ; W 130.68), to the South by Wall 729 (N 1079.62, S 1078.48, E 132.11, W 128.35), and ; West by Walls 720 (N 1081.05, S 1079.20, E 128.55, W 127.50) and 830 (N 1086.62, S ; 1081.05, E 128.30, W 125.95). In Room 9, excavation aimed to answer questions about ; land usage and material culture in the later half of the thirteenth century in the area to the ; north of the Frankish church. Though our excavation was bounded by the walls of Room ; 9, these did not engage directly with the contexts dug this session. Our material thus dates ; to a period when the area was an outdoor space associated with the church to the south ; and the road to the east.  As excavation in Room 9 progressed, the fill of a 12th (?) century ; Late Byzantine cistern (Structure 833, N 1083.02, S 1081.27, E 131.63, W 130.23) ; produced promising material. Our aim therefore shifted towards completing the ; excavation of this structure before the area undergoes conservation.; ; Room 9; ; Late Byzantine (1059­1210); ; The earliest feature in the area of Room 9 is an unexcavated white plaster floor visible in ; the western half of the room, partially exposed in the previous session by the excavation ; of the late 13th century large pit (733), which used the surface as its base. The plaster floor ; is also visible in the section of a late Ottoman period pit and therefore extends farther ; north and east under unexcavated contexts in Room 9. This plaster floor is cut in an arc, ; an activity related to the construction of the well/cistern perhaps in the first half of the ; 12th century (hereafter referred to as a cistern; Structure 833 filled by contexts 907­904, ; 898, 895­893, 888, 886, 834, and 832). The western portion of the cistern opening was ; exposed during the previous session when the fill of pit 733 was removed, just as it ; would have been during the original digging of 733 in the late 13th century. ; ; The construction of the cistern began with a large, deep cavity (approximately 2.50m ; maximum diameter), which cut through the plaster floor to a depth of about 4.31m. The ; dug­out cistern was then lined with roughly hewn or unworked, flat­faced limestone ; blocks and conglomerate stone with some use of tiles in the interstices and mud mortar. ; The cistern is honey­comb or bell­shaped, with a narrow mouth at the apex and gradually ; expanding interior diameter. The space between this narrow mouth and the original ; cavity was then back­filled up to the height of the mouth. Some of the fill of this cut in ; the plaster floor was dug in the previous session as the lowest layer of fill (773) of the ; large pit 733, though with some uncertainty about whether it was a continuation of the ; large pit. It now seems likely that this fill represents deposits made during the ; construction of the cistern since the sherds found in it did not match the rest of the fill of ; pit 733. These sherds, however, do not substantially help with the dating of the cistern ; construction, since the majority of the fineware was pre­Roman. ; ; The cistern terminates in packed dirt and some pieces of mortar. A drain (0.30 x ; 0.25m)enters the mouth of the cistern at the south, the top of which is right at or just ; below the level of the plaster floor. The cistern was filled with clayey soil, pottery, bone, ; tile, occasional boulders, some charcoal, and other finds. A few pieces of worked marble, ; including a Byzantine/Frankish type window mullion (A­2015­2, in context 904) were ; also found. These fills produced a rich pottery assemblage, with several pots having ; complete or nearly complete profiles. ; ; The earliest deposits (898, 895, and 894) so far analyzed date to the second half of the ; 12th century and provide a terminus post quem for the cistern’s construction and may ; indicate use fill, i.e. the cistern was still in use at that time and rubbish gradually ; accumulated in it, perhaps entering from the drain. The earliest layers of fill contained ; large quantities of ceramics, decreasing near the middle layers of the cistern before ; increasing again closer to the opening: a layer near the middle of the well (893) had only ; had only 0.79 kg of pottery, compared with 4.2kg in the layer below (894) and 11.59 kg ; in the layer above (888). This middle nearly sterile layer (893) also marks a change in ; date, with material dated to the second quarter of the 13th century. This suggests a ; possible lull in activity in the area from the late 12th through the first quarter of the 13th century. The two layers above this nearly sterile layer (888 and 886) also date to the ; second quarter of the 13th century (dated by pottery and Coin #2015­605, a Villehardouin ; Corintum issue) and represent more dense pottery accumulation (11.59 kg and 16.58 kg, ; respectively). Though all the fills of the cistern represent a span of approximately 75 ; years, the dirt throughout was largely homogenous – hard, greyish clay with a dominant ; greenish/yellowish tinge, suggesting the presence of human or animal waste; samples ; have been taken for later analysis. Because the dirt was homogenous, it cannot be ; excled; that there was a single filling event of the cistern with soil brought from ; elsewhere; the stratified nature of the deposits, however, suggests a more gradual ; accumulation. ; ; Frankish (1210­1458); ; Near the opening of the cistern, two additional layers of fill were dug that dated to the ; late 13th century (834 and 832). It is likely that both these layers also included material ; that fell into the cistern opening during the original digging and filling of pit 733 in the ; late 13th century, by which time the ground level in the area had risen so much that the ; cistern opening was completely obscured. Therefore, the final deposit in the cistern made ; while the opening was still visible is 886, from the second quarter of the 13th century. ; Immediately above and around the mouth of the cistern (but not extending over the ; opening itself), there was a layer of stones (854) that contained many boulders (including ; two spoliated pieces of marble, removed as Context 885) and tiles. It is dated by pottery ; to the mid 13th century. One of the marbles was a half Ionic column base, probably dating ; from the Roman period, but from an unknown building. The stones around the cistern ; opening may indicate a rough attempt to raise the opening of the cistern as the ground ; level around it rose. This stone layer, and a line or cut in the surface perhaps due to ; slumping of material into the well, was visible in a level, packed surface dating from the ; third quarter of the 13th century (843, more on this surface below). ; ; By approximately the third quarter of the 13th century, with the cistern out of use, the ; eastern portion of Room 9 was covered with a series of level, packed surfaces. The ; earliest, 843, may be connected with a whitish clay floor (contexts 836 and 835) in the ; northwest corner of Room 9, which extended into the adjoining Room 8 (context 870) ; and was built up against Wall 850 (later robbed), which runs obliquely NW to SE, ; perhaps suggesting a different orientation to the space prior to the construction of Room ; 9’s walls (see below). Subsurface instability, caused by slumping into the cistern, resulted ; in a small deposit (831) in the surface of 843, and the area was again covered over by a ; more substantial surface (829), which eliminated any evidence of the cistern. This surface ; was rich in small finds, coins (33, including 7 Corintum and 4 Corinti Villehardouin ; coins, see coin list below), and small sherds (18.65 kg) consistent with a trampled ; surface. Later iterations of these packed level surfaces were dug in the previous session ; (772 and 792), and each of these surfaces may be associated with the road identified to ; the east of Wall 659 in the 1990s, which led to the Frankish marketplace south of the ; church. This series of level, packed surfaces in the eastern half of Room 9 was bordered ; on its western side by a series of rubbly deposits. Overtime, these level surfaces ; encroached on the rubble layers along their western border in the south of Room 9. ; ; Still in the third quarter of the 13th century, but after the other surfaces and rubble ; deposits in our sector, a small pit (808, 1.00 x 0.90, depth 0.24) was dug in the ; southwestern corner of Room 9 (filled by deposits 805 and 807). This pit perhaps ; indicates a shift towards using this outdoor space for rubbish disposal, as seen in the large ; pit 733, dating from the late 13th century, even with the church located just to the south.; Late 13th century; The sequence of wall construction in Room 9 is difficult to ascertain because of robbing ; trenches/pits, varied construction techniques, and incomplete excavation in the spaces to ; the north and south of the room. The earliest wall in Room 9 is most likely Wall 659 to ; the east, which runs beyond the bounds of the room farther north and south, alongside the ; road. Wall 659 thereby distinguishes the property associated with the church from the ; road. This wall was built with a foundation trench and a layer of foundation stones wider ; than the face of the wall above. The foundation trench for this wall (cut 673, fill 672) ; dated to the late 13th/early 14th century based on pottery and stratigraphy. The foundations ; to the north and south seem to vary in depth when visible, but since these spaces have not ; been excavated, they do not provide dating information for Wall 659.; ; The next wall to be constructed in the Room 9 area was likely southern Wall 729 and ; western Wall 720. Wall 729 makes use of two large worked ashlars at its western ; terminus; one of these ashlars juts out slightly to the north, indicating that this was ; planned as a corner. Wall 720 is built on top of this large ashlar and to the same depth (c. ; 84.50). Wall 720 may terminate after approximately two meters since a block covered ; with plaster is visible on its north face. Wall 830 then seems to be built against Wall 720, ; not bonded with it but continuing its line north. It should be noted, however, that the ; block with plaster may be reused from an earlier structure, and therefore this may not ; indicate a terminal face of Wall 720. Wall 830 could therefore be a continuation of the ; same wall after a short break in construction (perhaps the end of one day’s work). In any ; case, both Walls 720 and 830 have foundations that descend into large pit 733 (which ; extends into the area of Room 8) and rest on the plaster floor mentioned above, at a ; maximum depth of 84.05. This indicates that these walls, and joining Wall 729, must ; have been built after the filling of Pit 733 in the late 13th century. Since the surface level ; into which the pit was cut, and the fill of the pit, was at a height of approximately 84.71, ; this indicates that the foundations of these walls were cut straight down into the soil and ; filled completely with stones, leaving no subsequent sign of a foundation trench. The face ; of the wall above seems to have been the same width as these foundations, making it ; difficult to distinguish between the foundations and the visible wall face.; ; Wall 830 was robbed out in its northern section, where it was built atop the clay floor ; level discussed above (Contexts 836 and 835). However, a small piece of wall to the ; north of this robbing trench can be identified as a continuation of Wall 830; its northern ; side indicates a terminal face because it is flat and makes use of two ashlars ; (approximately 0.50m in length) at its northwest corner. This section of Wall 830, ; however, has been previously assumed to be part of Wall 700/166 and is indicated as ; such on top plans. Wall 700/166 is therefore laid against this preexisting segment of Wall ; 830. Wall 700/166 retains two structure numbers because it was mistakenly given a new ; number in the 2015 Session II season without reference to the preexisting number 166 ; from 2014 Session I. The foundations of Wall 700/166 are at approximately the same ; depth (84.64) as the segment of Wall 830 it is laid against. Wall 700/166 was constructed ; with a foundation trench, rather than a straight cut downwards, as in Walls 830, 720, and ; 729. The fill of the foundation trench of Wall 700/166 dated to the late 13th century based ; on pottery stratigraphic relationships (foundation cut 708, fill 706). At the east, Wall ; 700/166 is laid against Wall 659. Each of the walls is constructed of unworked but ; smooth­fac, ; or lightly worked stones, with occasional use of ashlars, facing on a rubble core with lime mud mortar. ; Wall 659 also makes use of tiles between the stones.; ; The northern and southern walls of Room 8 to the west, which abut Wall 729 and the ; segment of Wall 830, are built at significantly higher levels (0.40m higher for northern ; Walls 154 and Wall 830; 0.13m higher for southern Walls 156 and 729).  These walls ; therefore post­date the walls of Room 9. It is possible that the robbing trench of Wall 830 ; dated to the period when Room 8 was enclosed by these walls, creating a threshold ; between these two rooms. Since Room 8 southern Wall 156 dates later than Wall 729, ; there was no full north corridor of the church prior to that time.; ; Room 6; ; Frankish Period (1210­1458); ; As noted by Bennett and Stephens, the area of Room 6 was used throughout the 13th and ; 14th centuries as a burial ground, with surfaces and leveling fills intermittently laid over ; the graves. The earliest level reached during our work was the unexcavated surface ; exposed beneath context 872, which dates to the early 14th century. Into this surface was ; cut the earliest burial excavated this session, grave 2015­13 (cut context 903; preserved ; coordinates: N. 1081.48, S. 1080.59, E. 120.00, W. 119.62; preserved depth: 0.20; fill ; context 882). It contained the skeleton (context 902, Bone Lot 2015­20) of a subadult laid ; supine, oriented north­south, and covered from the waist up by a terracotta cover tile ; (structure 901). The skeleton, structure, and grave cut were later truncated to the north ; and east by the robbing trench of Wall 59, the eastern wall of the room; the absent skull ; would have been at the north. At the time of burial, the grave would thus have directly ; abutted the western face of the now­missing wall.; ; After the southern area of the room was covered by surface 872, Grave 2015­11 (cut ; context 899; preserved coordinates: N. 1080.39, S. 1078.68, E. 119.80, W. 119.02; ; preserved depth: 0.35; fill context 881) was cut into the center of the room. This grave ; contained the skeletal remains of at least three individuals: an articulated skeleton, ; truncated at the waist with a disarticulated skull to the west, which initial osteological ; inventory suggests may belong to a second individual (both recorded in the field as ; context 883, Bone Lot 2015­16), and a second disarticulated skull to the east (context ; 884, Bone Lot 2015­17), added at a later period. After the initial burial, the grave was ; significantly disturbed: it was truncated to the east by Grave 2015­10 and south by 1996­; 01, and directly above was later placed Grave 1996­02. This degree of disturbance ; unfortunately removed much of the burial fill, and makes it difficult to determine the ; grave’s original extent.; ; During the course of the 14th century, a variety of surfaces were laid above the level of ; these graves. Unlike those in Room 9, however, these surfaces contained few coins and ; no notable small finds. In the southern portion of the room, drainage or slumping issues ; seem to have arisen due to the density of graves and other cuttings, resulting in patchy ; surfaces (contexts 872, 868, 861) with numerous irregular deposits (contexts 865, 867, ; 87. ; At the north, however, the relative lack of burials allowed for more stable, regular ; floors (contexts 861, 874).; ; Conclusion; ; Room 9; ; Our excavation in Room 9 uncovered a series of deposits dating primarily from the ; second half of the 13th century, indicating rapid accumulation of fills in that area and a ; quickly rising ground level at a time when the area was still an outdoor space just north ; of the Frankish church. The excavation of the Late Byzantine cistern produced a large ; amount of material that can aid in refining the pottery chronology for that period as well ; as the opportunity to study water management in the area prior to the Frankish period. ; With the foundation courses for all the walls of Room 9 now exposed, these structures ; can now be placed in sequence. Further excavation in Room 9, down to the level of the ; plaster floor could provide a more precise date for the construction of the cistern and a ; better picture of the possible lull in activity between the late 12th century and early 13th century.; ; Room 6; ; The phasing of Room 6 remains difficult due to the patchiness of the surfaces, number of ; disturbances, and the nature of the excavation, which has focused on the removal of ; burials. Continued excavation of surfaces would help elucidate the relationship between ; the north and south sections of the room, and the chronology of the surrounding walls. ; Further work should also include the osteological analysis of the human remains from ; these graves, and their comparison with contemporary populations.; ; Coin List, TESE 2015 Sesssion III Blue; ; Context 805; 2015­431 (findspot): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­433 (sieve): Roman imperial (4th century), AE; 2015­436 (findspot): Byzantine (1078­1081), AE, Anonymous Folles I; 2015­438 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; ; Context 809; 2015­440 (findspot): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­441 (findspot): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­443 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; ; Context 814; 2015­444 (sieve): Frankish (1200­1300), BI, St. Martin of Tours, Castle Tournois; 2015­445 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE; 2015­446 (sieve): Byzantine, AE; 2015­447 (sieve): Byzantine, AE; ; Context 816; 2015­448 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; ; Context 817; 2015­449 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­450 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; 2015­451 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; ; Context 820; 2015­461 (findspot): Latin Imitative (1204­1261), AE; 2015­462 (findspot): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; ; Context 822; 2015­464 (findspot): Frankish (1250­1278), AE; 2015­465 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­466 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; 2015­467 (findspot): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; ; Context 826; 2015­468 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; 2015­469 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­470 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­471 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­472 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; ; Context 829; 2015­473 (sieve): Byzantine, AE; 2015­499 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, Genoese Gate (?); 2015­500 (findspot): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­502 (sieve): Latin Imitative (1204­1261), AE; 2015­503 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; 2015­504 (sieve): Greek, AE; 2015­505 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­506 (sieve): Byzantine, AE; 2015­507 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­508 (sieve): Byzantine, AE; 2015­509 (sieve): Greek, AE; 2015­510 (sieve): Illegible, AE; 2015­511 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; 2015­512 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; 2015­513 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­514 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; 2015­515 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; 2015­516 (findspot): Latin Imitative (1204­1261), AE; 2015­517 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), BI, St. Martin of Tours, Castle Tournois; 2015­518 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­519 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, Genoese Gate (?); 2015­522 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; 2015­523 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; 2015­524 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; 2015­525 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; 2015­526 (sieve): Byzantine, AE; 2015­527 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­528 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­529 (sieve): Illegible, AE; 2015­530 (sieve): Illegible, AE; 2015­531 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­532 (sieve): Latin or Bulgarian Imitative (?), AE; 2015­533 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; ; Context 831; 2015­535 (sieve): Not a coin; ; Context 832; 2015­536 (sieve): Illegible, AE; 2015­537 (sieve): Latin or Bulgarian Imitative (?), AE; ; Context 834; 2015­543 (findspot): Roman Imperial, AE; ; Context 836; 2015­544 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; ; Context 838; 2015­546 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­547 (sieve): Disintegrated; ; Context 840; 2015­548 (findspot): Not a coin; ; Context 841; 2015­549 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, Genoese Gate (?); 2015­550 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; ; Context 843; 2015­553 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; 2015­554 (findspot): Latin Imitative (?), AE; Context 847; 2015­556 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­557 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; 2015­558 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; 2015­559 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; 2015­560 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTI, Genoese Gate; ; Context 848; 2015­561 (sieve): Illegible, AE; 2015­562 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­563 (sieve): Illegible, AE; 2015­564 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­565 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­566 (sieve): Illegible, AE; ; Context 861; 2015­585 (findspot): Illegible, AE; 2015­587 (sieve): Not a coin (?); ; Context 867; 2015­590 (sieve): Roman imperial (?), AE; ; Context 868; 2015­592 (sieve): Not a coin; 2015­593 (sieve): Corroded; 2015­594 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; 2015­595 (sieve): Latin Imitative or Anonymous Folles (?), AE; ; Context 874; 2015­597 (sieve): Effaced, AE; 2015­600 (sieve): Latin imitative (?), AE; ; Context 881; 2015­604 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; ; Context 886; 2015­605 (sieve): Frankish (1250­1278), AE, CORINTUM, Acrocorinth; ; Context 888; 2015­615 (sieve): Byzantine (1143­1180), AE, Manuel I; 2015­616 (sieve): Illegible, AE; ; Context 898; 2015­628 (sieve): Byzantine (919­944), AE, Romanos I; 2015­636 (sieve): Anonymous Folles (?), AE","Unit 2, Room 9: later half of thirteenth century and earlier cistern; Unit 2, Room 6: Frankish burials and 13th century surfaces","","Corinth","","","","","","Report"
"Agora:Report:2015 Excavations","John McK. Camp II","Checked","2015 Excavations","Excavations were carried out in three areas: in Byzantine levels over the Painted Stoa in Section ΒΘ; at the north end and beneath the Classical Commercial Building in Section ΒΖ; and in Section ΟΟ in the old excavations. It was a varied and productive season with material dating from the 14th century B.C. to the 12th century A.D.","Agora Excavations; Season Summary 2015","","Agora","","","Agora:Image:2015.01.0016::/Agora/2015/2015.01/2015.01.0016.tif::4134::2480","","8 Jun-31 Jul 2015","Report"
"Agora:Report:1947 ΠΠ","Arthur W. Parsons","Checked","1947 ΠΠ","The early part of the excavation season in Section ΠΠ was concerned almost exclusively with the removal of the Asteroskopiou Street, a road going back to the 1st or 2nd century A.D. ; The work of the remainder of the season included excavation of roads and drainage systems, several buildings, five wells of which two were completely dug, and a grave from the early 3rd century B.C.","Section ΠΠ 1947 Season Preliminary Report","","Agora","","","Agora:ReportPage:1947-ΠΠ-1::/Agora/Reports/1947 ΠΠ/1947 ΠΠ 001.jpg::1581::2048","","28 Apr-11 Aug 1947","Report"
"Agora:Report:1937 Φ","Eugene Vanderpool","Checked","1937 Φ","In antiquity the area included in Section Φ lay outside the Agora proper and were apparently occupied only by houses and small buildings. The earliest period of which any considerable remains were found was the Geometric: three Protogeometic graves and one well, as well as one Geometric grave and one disturbed well, were discovered and excavated.; Pottery from the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the 6th century B.C. were found in a small hollow in the bedrock. A big well was excavated and black-figured and red-figured pottery was found. Some of the objects from the well belong to the early years of the 5th century B.C. ; In the northeast corner fragments of terracotta water pipes were found, some in situ, dating from the late 6th or the 5th century B.C.. A small building with polygonal limestone walls were cleared, its purpose uncertain. It was built in the early 4th century B.C. and continued in use until the end of the 2nd century B.C.; Remains of the Hellenistic period are few. From the Roman period a house was partly cleared. It was destroyed in the late 3rd century A.D. Two Roman wells were excavated, as well as a late Roman tomb. A late Roman building covered almost the whole section and was probably part of the great complex of late Roman buildings that covered most of the center of the Agora. The most prominent feature is an apse. The building was destroyed in the 6th century A.D.; Numerous traces of dark age habitation were found, but few from the Byzantine period, and some from the Turkish period.","Section Φ Season of 1937","","Agora","","","Agora:ReportPage:1937-Φ-1::/Agora/Reports/1937 Φ/1937 Φ 001.jpg::1555::2048","","25 Jan-17 Jun 1937","Report"
"Agora:Report:2011 Excavations","John McK. Camp II","Checked","2011 Excavations","Excavations were carried out in three sections, two of them overlying the Painted Stoa (ΒΗ and ΒΘ) and one in the Panathenaic Way (ΒΓ).; In Section ΒΓ, excavations were concentrated on the Panathenaic Way with the aim to look again at a row of square stone sockets for wooden posts. These post holes had been interpreted as a starting-line for a racetrack. Instead they seem to be part of a temporary roped-off enclosure of which three sides are defined. An area of unexcavated fill was opened up in order to determine the fourth side. The excavated sequence dated from the 1st c. B.C./A.D. to 3rd century B.C. The post holes are excepted to lie a bit lower down in 5th century B.C. fills and should be exposed next season. A second trench in the road was opened to reexamine the hypothesis that the road itself had been used as a race track.; In Section ΒΗ, overlying the east part of the Painted Stoa, a well was dug and over 100 pots were recovered. It seems that the well was part of the latest face of the use of the Stoa in the late Roman period when inner walls were built to create rooms probably used as shops.; In section ΒΘ, overlying the middle part of Painted Stoa, excavation continued in Byzantine levels. Remains of a settlement dating to the 11th and 12th centuries A.D. was uncovered. The building walls contain reused blocks, one of which comes from the Painted Stoa.","Preliminary Report on the 2011 Excavation Season","","Agora","","","Agora:Image:2011.15.0008::/Agora/2011/2011.15/2011.15.0008.tif::3816::2886","","13 Jun-5 Aug 2011","Report"
"Agora:Report:1937 ΛΛ","Dorothy Burr Thompson","Checked","1937 ΛΛ","Excavations in Section ΛΛ revealed that the original contour of Kolonos Agoraios had been much sharper than in modern times. No traces of early graves were found in the area; first sign of habitation is pottery from the last half of the 5th century B.C. found in metal working pits in connection with  a drain and a road. The best preserved material belongs to the 4th century B.C. The area was probably covered with houses of which five establishments were well preserved, several others less preserved.; In the early 3rd century the easternmost houses went out of use to leave space for the Hellenistic Building.; In the early Roman period a filling of large sherds covered most of the area, probably due to the general building activity of that period. In section ΛΛ, a great stair was constructed.; In the late 4th century A.D. the area suffered much damage.; In the Byzantine period blocks of houses were set over the whole area, and this settlement, when combined with those of ΜΜ and ΚΚ, present interesting material for the study of medieval Athens.","Section ΛΛ 193; Excavation Summary","","Agora","","","Agora:ReportPage:1937-ΛΛ-1::/Agora/Reports/1937 ΛΛ/1937 ΛΛ 001.jpg::1587::2048","","1 Feb-23 Jun 1937","Report"
"Agora:Report:1949 ΟΟ","Margaret Crosby","Checked","1949 ΟΟ","A report on the excavation in the immediate vicinity of the Early Geometric burial found in 1948 in Section ΟΟ. Two Geometric graves were uncovered, and also walls and drainage systems belonging to the industrial establishments of the later 6th and 5th B.C. centuries, as well as sporadic remains from later periods, such as a 4th B.C. century pit and a Hellenistic cistern. Investigation also took place in the Great Drain area.; In addition, limited excavations were carried out in the ancient street north of the Poros Building.","Section ΟΟ 1949; Grave Area","","Agora","","","Agora:ReportPage:1949-ΟΟ-1::/Agora/Reports/1949 ΟΟ/1949 ΟΟ 001.jpg::1584::2048","","28 Mar-9 Nov 1949","Report"
"Agora:Report:2001 Excavations","John McK. Camp II","Checked","2001 Excavations","Excavations were carried out at the northwest of the Agora in sections ΒΖ and ΒΕ, and in the area of the Eleusinion in section ΕΛ.; In Section ΒΖ, the investigation of the settlement of the 11th century settlement continued. The lowest floor levels of the buildings were excavated down into layers of the 7th to 9th centuries, exposing the Byzantine walls to their full depth and the upper parts of the late Roman walls beneath. A well was partially excavated, a stone-lined cesspit was uncovered and a large plaster-lined pit was discovered. The last of a modern basement was successfully cleared out. Fragments of herms and terracotta figurines came to light in disturbed fills.; In section ΒΕ, the work in the Classical shop building continued. Another Hellenistic pyre was found beneath the floor of one of the rooms. Further work was done in both of the two Mycenaean chamber tombs, dated to the 14th century B.C. A third chamber tomb was partially uncovered. It seems to be from the 15th century B.C.; In section ΕΛ, the area just south of and uphill from the Eleusinion was excavated, along the east face of the late Roman fortification wall. Some pottery fragments from the time of the wall's construction were found, but for most part a thick layer filled with fragmentary pottery from the late 3rd and early second centuries B.C. was excavated. This material lay directly on bedrock leaving no sign of earlier activity in the area. A well with upper fill of the Hellenistic period was found, as was some irregularly placed post-holes.","Preliminary Report on the 2001 Excavation Season","","Agora","","","Agora:Image:2001.04.0001::/Agora/2001/2001.04/2001.04.0001.tif::2067::2111","","11 Jun-3 Aug 2001","Report"